| |
Male
|
Female
|
|---|
|
Participant Characteristics
|
RRs (95 % CI)a
|
P-Value
|
RRs (95 % CI)a
|
P-Value
|
|---|
|
Age
|
|
Young, 18-49 years
|
REFb
|
-
|
REFb
|
-
|
|
Middle, 50-64 years
|
1.40 (1.12–1.77)
|
0.003
|
1.42 (1.23–1.64)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Old, 65+ yrs
|
1.50 (1.14–1.98)
|
0.004
|
1.65 (1.39–1.96)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Initial BMI, kg/m2
|
0.93 (0.88–0.98)
|
0.008
|
0.95 (0.92–0.99)
|
0.01
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
White
|
REFb
|
-
|
REFb
|
-
|
|
Asian
|
0.74 (0.40–1.38)
|
0.35
|
0.74 (0.46–1.19)
|
0.22
|
|
Black
|
1.03 (0.57–1.88)
|
0.91
|
0.58 (0.37–0.94)
|
0.03
|
|
Other
|
0.78 (0.53–1.13)
|
0.18
|
0.74 (0.57–0.94)
|
0.02
|
|
Education
|
|
> High school
|
REFb
|
-
|
REFb
|
-
|
|
≤ High school
|
0.89 (0.74–1.06)
|
0.21
|
1.05 (0.94–1.18)
|
0.36
|
|
Smoking Status
|
|
Non-smokers
|
REFb
|
-
|
REFb
|
-
|
|
Smokers
|
0.89 (0.67–1.18)
|
0.42
|
0.82 (0.67–1.00)
|
0.05
|
|
Health Outcomes
|
|
CVD
|
0.65 (0.30–1.45)
|
0.30
|
0.64 (0.35–1.14)
|
0.13
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.57 (0.40–0.81)
|
0.001
|
0.97 (0.80–1.18)
|
0.80
|
|
Depression
|
0.37 (0.06–2.45)
|
0.30
|
0.48 (0.27–0.85)
|
0.01
|
|
T2D
|
1.02 (0.78–1.36)
|
0.85
|
0.94 (0.76–1.16)
|
0.57
|
|
Fatty Liver
|
0.98 (0.62–1.53)
|
0.92
|
0.97 (0.72–1.32)
|
0.86
|
|
Cancer
|
0.72 (0.22–2.36)
|
0.59
|
0.49 (0.22–1.09)
|
0.08
|
-
BMI body mass index, T2D type 2 diabetes, CVD cardiovascular disease
-
aAdjusted for age, BMI, education, ethnicity and smoking status where appropriate
-
bREF indicates referent group
