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Table 3 Determinants of diabetes in adults in rural and urban Bangladesh

From: Overweight and abdominal obesity as determinants of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in Bangladesh

Value label

Unadjusted

Adjusted (model 1)a

Adjusted (Model 2)a

Adjusted (Model 3)a

OR ( 95 % CI)

p value

OR ( 95 % CI)

p value

OR ( 95 % CI)

p value

OR ( 95 % CI)

p value

Age

        

 20–39

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 40–59

2.4 (1.4–4)

0.001

2.9 (1.7–5.2)

0.000

2.7 (1.5–4.8)

.001

2.7 (1.5–4.8)

0.001

 60/above

8.4 (3.1–22.2)

0.000

8.1 (2.8–23.8)

0.000

7.6 (2.6–22.5)

.000

5.9 (2.1–17.5)

0.001

Sex

        

 Male

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Female

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.381

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.699

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

.391

1.3 (0.7–2.2)

0.421

Area

        

 Rural

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Urban

5.9 (3.5–9.9)

0.000

2.5 (1.02–5.9)

0.045

2.5 (1.1–6.0)

.038

2.8 (1.2–6.6)

0.017

Education

        

 Illiterate

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Primary

0.7 (.2–1.8)

0.414

0.6 (0.2–1.6)

0.273

0.5 (0.2–1.5)

.233

0.6 (0.2–1.6)

0.296

 Secondary

3.5 (1.8–6.7)

0.000

1.5 (0.7–3.3)

0.303

1.4 (0.6–3.0)

.438

1.6 (0.7–3.5)

0.239

 Post-secondary

2.8 (1.4–5.9)

0.003

0.8 (0.3–2.1)

0.681

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

.568

0. 8 (0.3-2.1

0.694

Income (Taka/month)b

        

 Low: ≤6,000

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Medium: 6,001–12,000

3.2 (1.5–6.7)

0.002

1.5 (0.6–3.4)

0.359

1.4 (0.6–3.4)

.411

1.4 (0.6–3.3)

0.410

 High: >12,000

6.3 (3.2–12.3)

0.000

1.6 (0.7–3.9)

0..293

1.6 (0.6–3.9)

.339

1.6 (0.7–3.9)

0.296

Body Mass Index (BMI)

        

 Normal (18.50–24.99 kg/m2)

1.00

 

1.00

     

 Underweight (≤18.49 kg/m2)

0.3 (0.1–0.9)

0.046

0.5 (0.1–1.5)

0.202

    

 Overweight (≥25 kg/m2)

3.5 (2.2–5.8)

0.000

2.2 (1.3–3.9)

0.006

    

Waist Circumference

        

 Normal (<0.90 M,<0.85 F)

1.00

   

1.00

   

 Abdominally Obese (≥0.90 M, ≥0.85 F)

5.6 (3.4–9.2)

0.000

  

3.3 (1.8–6.0)

.000

  

Waist-to-Hip ratio

        

 Normal ( WC <90 cm M, WC <80 cm F)

1.00

     

1.00

 

 High (WC ≥ 90 cm M, WC ≥ 80 cm F)

9.4 (4.6–18.9)

0.000

    

5.6 (2.7–11.9)

0.000

Physical Activity

        

 High ≥150 min/week)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Low (<150 min/week)

3.4 (1.8–6.5)

0.000

1.1 (0.5–2.6)

0.843

1.1 (0.5–2.6)

.847

0.9 (0.4–2.2)

0.906

  1. aThree separate models for three different adiposity indicators, BMI, Waist Circumference and Waist to Hip Ratio as they are highly correlated and essentially indicate body fatness
  2. bBangladesh Taka 76 = USD 1.00