Association between economic status and body mass index among adolescents: a community-based cross-sectional study in Japan

Table 4 Relationship Between Economic Status and BMI Z-Scores of Girls

	Model 1^a			Model 2^b (+ grade, school, family structure)			Model 3 (Model 2 + family members’ smoking status)			Model 4 (Model 2 + breakfast skipping)			Model 5 (Model 2 + activities outside of school)			Model 6 (Model 2 + sleeping patterns)			Model 7 (Model 2 + self-rated health status)			Model 8^c (Model 2 + all mediators)
	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
Family characteristics
Economic status
Low (ref: non-low)	0.35^**	0.10	0.001	0.32^**	0.10	0.002	0.31^**	0.10	0.003	0.25^*	0.11	0.017	0.31^**	0.10	0.003	0.32^**	0.11	0.003	0.30^**	0.11	0.005	0.21^*	0.11	0.044
Family structure
Single parent or stepfamily (ref: both biological parents)	0.14^**	0.05	0.005	0.11^*	0.05	0.021	0.11^*	0.05	0.021	0.08	0.05	0.094	0.11^*	0.05	0.026	0.11^*	0.05	0.022	0.11^*	0.05	0.023	0.07	0.05	0.139
Family members’ smoking status
Yes (ref: none)	0.08^*	0.04	0.042				0.07^*	0.04	0.049													0.05	0.04	0.211
Child characteristics
Breakfast skipping
Yes (ref: no)	0.26^***	0.05	<0.001							0.22^***	0.05	<0.001										0.21^***	0.05	<0.001
Convenience stores or fast-food outlets
<1 time per week (ref: ≥ 1 time per week)	−0.03	0.05	0.529																			−0.06	0.05	0.220
Club activities at school
Non-physical (ref: physical)	0.07	0.04	0.120																			0.03	0.04	0.448
No participation (ref: physical)	−0.04	0.05	0.379																			−0.05	0.07	0.450
Activities outside of school
No (ref: yes)	0.12^**	0.04	0.001										0.10^*	0.04	0.010							0.10^*	0.04	0.012
Sleeping patterns
<6 h 30 min (ref: ≥ 6 h 30 min)	0.07	0.04	0.113													0.04	0.04	0.394				0.004	0.04	0.921
Self-rated health status
Not good (ref: good)	0.16^*	0.07	0.015																0.10	0.07	0.130	0.08	0.07	0.250
Smoking status
Yes (ref: no)	0.18	0.12	0.150																			0.11	0.12	0.389

B = Partial regression coefficient, ^aunivariate regression; ^bmultiple regression adjusted for confounding variables; ^cmultiple regression adjusted for all mediators
^* p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001

ISSN: 2052-9538