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Table 3 Odds Ratios for soda consumption categories/fried food consumption categories at 6–9 weeks postpartum and substantial postpartum weight retention (≥5 kg) at 1-year for entire samplea

From: Dietary variables associated with substantial postpartum weight retention at 1-year among women with GDM pregnancy

Total sample

Soda consumption categories

N = 888

None (n = 501)

1 or less serv/wk. (n = 245)

≥ 2 serv/wk. (n = 142)

Overall Groups P-value

Model 1:

 Unadjusted

Referent

1.30 (0.90–1.89)

2.31 (1.53–3.49)*

0.005

Model 2:b

 Adjusted

Referent

1.04 (0.69–1.58)

1.94 (1.22–3.07)*

0.014

Model 3:c

 Adjusted

Referent

1.04 (0.68–1.57)

1.95 (1.22–3.11)*

0.014

Model 4:d

 Adjusted

Referent

1.00 (0.65–1.53)

1.61 (0.98–2.66)†

0.136

Fried food consumption categories

     

N = 888

None (n = 295)

1 serv/wk. (n = 353)

2–4 serv/wk. (n = 208)

≥ 5 serv/wk. (n = 32)

Overall Groups P-value

Model 1:

 Unadjusted

Referent

1.23 (0.82–1.82)

1.99 (1.30–3.04)*

3.72 (1.74–7.96)*

<0.001

Model 2:b

 Adjusted

Referent

1.06 (0.69–1.63)

1.84 (1.15–2.92)*

3.38 (1.44–7.96)*

0.003

Model 3:c

 Adjusted

Referent

1.12 (0.72–1.73)

1.89 (1.18–3.02)*

3.50 (1.48–8.29)*

0.003

Model 4:e

 Adjusted

Referent

1.12 (0.71–1.75)

1.80 (1.08–3.00)*

3.38 (1.36–8.38)*

0.015

  1. *Statistically significant associations (p < 0.01 or <0.05) for individual group compared to the referent group
  2. †Borderline statistically significant association (p = 0.06) for individual group compared to the referent group
  3. aData are OR (95% CI)
  4. bModel 2 adjusted for BF duration, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, gestational weight gain
  5. cModel 3 adjusted for BF duration, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, gestational weight gain, (baseline glucose tolerance plus transition of glucose tolerant categories from baseline (6–9 weeks postpartum) to 1-year postpartum)
  6. dModel 4 adjusted for BF duration, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, gestational weight gain, (baseline glucose tolerance plus transition of glucose tolerant categories from baseline (6–9 weeks postpartum) to 1-year postpartum) and fried foods, eggs, and processed meats
  7. eModel 4 adjusted for BF duration, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level, gestational weight gain, (baseline glucose tolerance plus transition of glucose tolerant categories from baseline (6–9 weeks postpartum) to 1-year postpartum) and soda, eggs, and processed meats