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Table 3 Factors associated with abdominal obesity among adults in Uganda, STEPS survey 2014

From: Prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among adults in Uganda: findings from a national cross-sectional, population based survey 2014

Variable

Males

Females

Males and Females

Crude PRRa [95% CI]

Adjusted PRR [95% CI]*

Crude PRR [95% CI]

Adjusted PRR [95% CI]**

Crude PRR [95% CI]

Adjusted PRR [95% CI]***

Sex

 Males

–

–

–

–

1.0

1.0

 Females

–

–

–

–

8.70 [6.19–12.22]

7.59 [5.58–10.33]

Age

 18–24

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 25–34

0.56 [0.21–1.49]

0.76 [0.29–1.97]

1.04 [0.80–1.34]

0.97 [0.76–1.25]

1.00 [0.78–1.28]

0.97 [0.76–1.25]

 35–44

0.35 [0.13–0.99]

1.03 [0.40–2.63]

1.11 [0.85–1.48]

1.08 [0.82–1.42]

1.04 [0.80–1.35]

1.05 [0.81–1.36]

 45–54

0.42 [0.12–1.43]

0.64 [0.22–1.86]

0.92 [0.67–1.26]

0.90 [0.66–1.23]

0.85 [0.62–1.16]

0.86 [0.63–1.17]

 55–64

0.27 [0.07–1.08]

0.62 [0.20–1.91]

1.08 [0.75–1.57]

1.02 [0.72–1.46]

0.97 [0.68–1.39]

0.94 [0.66–1.33]

  ≥ 65

0.39 [0.05–2.89]

0.58 [0.12–2.77]

1.23 [0.79–1.91]

1.22 [0.84–1.78]

1.11 [0.71–1.73]

1.11 [0.75–1.65]

Marital status

 Never married

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Married/Cohabiting

2.01 [0.90–4.51]

1.16 [0.59–2.27]

2.03 [1.31–3.15]

2.08 [1.39–3.13]

1.85 [1.27–2.70]

1.82 [1.29–2.57]

 Other

1.56 [0.52–4.68]

0.68 [0.26–1.82]

1.83 [1.14–2.91]

1.92 [1.25–2.94]

1.67 [1.11–2.50]

1.69 [1.17–2.46]

Level of education

 No formal schooling

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Primary

0.57 [0.16–2.03]

0.60 [0.24–1.50]

1.18 [0.95–1.47]

1.18 [0.95–1.46]

1.15 [0.91–1.46]

1.17 [0.94–1.46]

 Secondary

1.14 [0.34–3.76

1.08 [0.42–2.81]

1.44 [1.13–1.83]

1.40 [1.12–1.75]

1.42 [1.10–1.84]

1.42 [1.12–1.78]

 University or higher

0.71 [0.19–2.68]

0.92 [0.31–2.70]

1.18 [0.82–1.68]

1.12 [0.78–1.60]

1.15 [0.80–1.66]

1.19 [0.84–1.67]

Region of residence

 Eastern

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Central

0.64 [0.22–1.85]

0.54 [0.22–1.31]

0.99 [0.76–1.28]

0.93 [0.72–1.20]

0.96 [0.75–1.23]

0.87 [0.69–1.11]

 Northern

1.26 [0.54–2.89]

0.85 [0.37–1.98]

1.15 [0.92–1.44]

1.08 [0.86–1.36]

1.13 [0.89–1.44]

1.03 [0.82–1.30]

 Western

0.86 [0.35–2.11]

0.51 [0.20–1.31]

1.23 [0.99–1.52]

1.18 [0.96–1.45]

1.19 [0.96–1.48]

1.15 [0.94–1.41]

Rural-urban residence

 Rural

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Urban

1.47 [0.68–3.18]

1.80 [0.98–3.31]

1.33 [1.10–1.60]

1.29 [1.09–1.54]

1.31 [1.08–1.58]

1.29 [1.09–1.53]

Employment

 Unemployed

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Employed

0.72 [0.33–1.54]

0.93 [0.45–1.91]

1.25 [1.05–1.49]

1.22 [1.04–1.43]

1.22 [1.01–1.47]

1.18 [0.99–1.40]

Fruit & Veg servings/ day

  ≥ 5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 1–4

0.69 [0.32–1.47]

0.85 [0.38–1.91]

0.92 [0.75–1.13]

0.94 [0.77–1.15]

0.90 [0.73–1.12]

0.93 [0.75–1.15]

Met WHO recommendation for physical activity

 Yes

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 No

1.76 [0.28–10.92]

1.55 [0.37–6.42]

1.03 [0.66–1.61]

0.92 [0.59–1.45]

1.05 [0.70–1.59]

0.90 [0.59–1.35]

Alcohol use in standard drinks per occasion

 Never

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Ever or ≤ 6

1.44 [0.74–2.78]

0.89 [0.45–1.75]

1.00 [0.84–1.19]

0.97 [0.82–1.16]

1.01 [0.85–1.21]

0.99 [0.83–1.17]

  > 6

1.53 [0.61–3.85]

1.07 [0.47–2.45]

1.15 [0.81–1.64]

1.12 [0.79–1.59]

1.19 [0.85–1.65]

1.20 [0.87–1.66]

Hypertensive

 No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Yes

8.85 [4.19–18.71]

10.15 [4.78–21.53]

1.59 [1.33–1.99]

1.60 [1.36–1.89]

1.79 [1.52–2.12]

1.83 [1.57–2.14]

FPG (mmol/L)

  < 6.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 6.1–6.9

3.98 [1.14–13.91]

2.52 [0.80–8.00]

0.98 [0.55–1.78]

0.99 [0.56–1.78]

1.18 [0.72–1.95]

1.22 [0.74–2.01]

  > 7.0, or on DM Rx

2.24 [1.05–4.76]

2.45 [1.32–4.54]

1.14 [0.88–1.48]

1.13 [0.88–1.45]

1.22 [0.94–1.59]

1.24 [0.96–1.60]

  1. aPrevalence Rate Ratio
  2. *Adjusted for blood pressure and FPG
  3. **Adjusted for marital status, level of education, urban/rural residence, employment status and blood pressure
  4. ***Adjusted for sex, marital status, level of education, urban/rural residence and blood pressure