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Table 2 Associations between BMI and smoking status and demographic characteristics

From: The association of smoking and demographic characteristics on body mass index and obesity among adults in the U.S., 1999–2012

 

Men

Women

Coefficient

Std. error

Coefficient

Std. error

Smoking status (ref. never smokers)

  Current smokers

−1.97**

(0.13)

−1.49**

(0.19)

  Former smokers

0.01

(0.14)

0.46*

(0.19)

Height in centimeters

0.02**

(0.01)

−0.05**

(0.01)

Age

0.22**

(0.04)

0.32**

(0.05)

Age2

−0.00**

(0.00)

−0.00**

(0.00)

Race/Ethnicity (ref. white)

    

  Black

0.47*

(0.20)

2.76**

(0.25)

  Hispanic

1.55**

(0.21)

1.28**

(0.26)

  Other

−0.89**

(0.25)

−1.75**

(0.32)

Foreign born

−2.40**

(0.15)

−2.67**

(0.20)

Education (ref. < high school)

    

  High school

0.27

(0.17)

−0.33

(0.22)

  > High school

−0.35*

(0.15)

−1.14**

(0.19)

Marital Status (ref. unmarried)

    

  Married

0.72**

(0.13)

−0.74**

(0.15)

  Missing marital status

0.07

(0.42)

−0.27

(0.62)

Number of children (ref. 0 children)

    

  1-2 children

n/a

n/a

−0.18

(0.25)

  3-4 children

n/a

n/a

0.14

(0.27)

  5 or more children

n/a

n/a

0.42

(0.36)

  Missing

n/a

n/a

−0.72*

(0.30)

Mean BMI

196.48

 

168.06

 

Observations

11123

 

10949

 
  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
  2. All models include survey dummy variables and sample weights.
  3. ref. – referent group.
  4. n/a – not applicable.