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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

From: Overweight and abdominal obesity as determinants of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in Bangladesh

Variable (Unit)

Total n = 1243

Urban

Rural

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

n = 518

n = 183

n = 335

n = 725

n = 178

547

Age (Year)

Mean (SD) a

41.5 (8.2)

41.2 (9.9)

44.4 (10.1)

39.5 (9.3)

41.6 (6.7)

42.5 (7.0)

41.3 (6.6)

Age Group d,e

       

20-39 Year (%)

42.9

47.1

36.6

52.8

39.9

36.0

41.1

40-59 Year (%)

54.6

47.1

53.6

43.6

60.0

64.0

58.7

60 Year or Above (%)

2.5

5.8

9.8

3.6

0.1

0

0.2

Male (%)

 

29.0

35.3

  

24.6

  

Education

Median (25th–75th) c,a

6 (0–10)

10 (8–14)

12 (10–15)

10 (8–12)

4 (0–6)

4 (0–7)

4 (0–5)

 

Level of Education d,e

       
 

Illiterate (%)

28.7

7.6

3.3

9.9

43.7

43.8

43.7

Primary (%)

20.5

6.2

.5

9.3

30.6

27.0

31.8

Secondary (%)

30.5

40.7

28.0

47.6

23.3

25.8

22.5

Post secondary (%)

20.3

45.5

68.1

33.2

2.3

3.4

2.0

Household income (Takab ,000)

Median (25th-75th) c,a

10 (5–15)

18 (10–25)

18 (10–28)

16 (10–25)

6 (4–10)

5 (4–8)

6 (4–10)

Income Group d

       

Low: ≤6,000 Taka/mo (%)

38.4

5.8

6.0

5.7

61.7

68.0

59.6

Medium: 6,001–12,000/mo (%)

28.6

28.5

28.6

28.4

28.7

25.8

29.6

High: >12,000 (%)

33.0

65.7

65.4

65.9

9.7

6.2

10.8

Boby Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2)

Mean (SD) c,a

23.0 (4.5)

25.9 (4.2)

24.7 (3.4)

26.6 (4.5)

21.0 (3.5)

20.3 (3.0)

21.2 (3.7)

BMI Category d,e

       

Underweight (≤18.49 kg/m2) (%)

50.9

38.2

50.8

31.3

60.0

60.7

59.8

Normal (18.50–24.99 kg/m2) (%)

16.9

3.3

3.3

3.3

26.6

32.0

24.9

Overwt/Obese (> = 25 kg/m2) (%)

32.2

58.5

45.9

65.4

13.4

7.3

15.4

Waist circumference (cm)

Mean (SD) c,a

78.6 (11.3)

85.8 (10.1)

88.2 (7.9)

88.4 (10.9)

73.6 (9.1)

75.0 (9.3)

73.1 (9.0)

Abdominal Obesity d,e

       

Normal (<90 cm M,<80 cm F) (%)

62.8

37.8

54.1

29.0

80.6

92.7

76.6

Anbdominally Obese (≥90 cm M,≥80 cm F) (%)

37.2

62.2

45.9

71.0

19.4

7.3

23.4

Waist-to-Hip Ratio d,e

Normal (<0.90 M,<0.85 F) (%)

48.1

26.6

12.0

34.6

63.4

58.4

65.1

High (≥0.90 M, ≥0.85 F) (%)

51.9

73.4

88.0

65.4

36.6

41.6

34.9

Vegetable/Fruit Consumption

2–3Serving/day (%)d

79.2

70.6

68.6

71.6

80.5

84.8

79.1

4–5Serving/day (%)d

4.3

22.9

14.3

27.0

1.5

2.8

1.1

Level of Physical Activityd

Low (<=150 min/week) (%)

68.1

97.5

97.8

97.3

47.0

36.0

50.6

High (>150 min/week) (%)

31.9

2.5

2.2

2.7

53.0

64.0

49.4

Glucose (mmol/L)

Fasting Mean (SD)c

5.1 (1.3)

5.4 (1.7)

5.3 (1.3)

5.6 (1.9)

4.8 (0.9)

4.7 (1.0)

4.9 (0.9)

2 hr after glucose Mean (SD) c,a

7.2 (2.7)

7.9 (3.4)

7.5 (3.2)

8.1 (3.5)

6.7 (2.0)

6.2 (2.0)

6.8 (2.0)

Metabolic Statusc

       

Diabetes (%)

6.6

12.2

13.1

11.6

2.6

2.2

2.7

Prediabetes (%)

16.6

21.2

19.1

22.4

13.2

9.0

14.6

Normal (%)

76.8

66.6

67.8

66.0

84.1

88.8

82.6

  1. aSignificant difference between male and female at <0.05 level
  2. bBangladesh Taka 76.00 = USD 1.00
  3. cSignificant difference between rural and urban residence at <0.05 level
  4. dSignificant association with area of residence (rural and urban) at <0.05 level
  5. eSignificant association with sex of the respondents at <0.05 level