Table 1 Results for studies included in qualitative and quantitative analysis

Banerjea et al. [24]

2008

Influenza vaccination in last year

4299

Age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, income, access to health care, contact with healthcare system, medical conditions, health status, comorbid chronic conditions, mental illness

55.6 %

Good

Chang et al. [20]

2010

Influenza vaccination in last year; Pneumo-coccal vaccination ever

Influenza: 33071 (Medicare), 28337 (VA), Pneumo-coccal: 32266 (Medicare), 28337 (VA)

Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, self-rated health, quartile of clinical complexity, quartile of visit frequency, year of receipt, age squared term, interaction between weight and sex, weight and race

Influenza: 65.7 %; Pneumo-coccal: 49.5 %

Good

Hoeck et al. [25]

2014

Influenza vaccination in past year; Pneumo-coccal vaccination within last 5 years

4544

Age, gender, highest level of education, living situation, region, self-assessed health, longstanding health issues, household income, risk factors, health status

Influenza: 63.1 %; Pneumo-coccal: 13.4 %

Fair

Leon-Munoz et al. [26]

2005

Influenza vaccination in last 1 year

2919

Age, educational level, size of place of residence, tobacco, alcohol

62.8 %

Fair

Littman et al. [30]

2011

Influenza vaccination in past year; Pneumo-coccal vaccination ever

Influenza: 537138, Pneumo-coccal: 411039

Age, education, race/ethnicity, self-reported personal doctor, healthcare coverage, time since last routine checkup

Influenza: 51.1 %; Pneumo-coccal: 41.0 %

Fair

Ostbye et al. [31]

2005

Influenza vaccination in the last 2 years

10588

Age, gender, race, education, birth country, marital status, household income, insurance, smoking, exercise, self-reported health, diabetes, heart disease, cognitive impairment, hospitalization in last year, number of outpatient visits, survey wave

72.2 %

Good

Peytremann-Bridevaux et al. [27]

2007

Influenza vaccination in last year

13859

Age, gender, marital status, years of education, purchasing power parity-household income adjusted for size of household, smoking status, excessive alcohol consumption, country of residence, diagnosis of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cholesterol, arthritis, reported number of ambulatory visits

50.9 %

Good

Stehr-Green et al. [33]

1990

Influenza vaccination in last year

9799

Gender, race, education, income, employment outside home, seat belt use, smoking, smokeless tobacco, alcohol use, drinking and driving, sedentary lifestyle, medical exam in last year, hypertension, ever had mammogram

32 %

Fair

Yancy et al. [32]

2010

Influenza vaccination 4 out of 5 most recent years, at least 8 mo apart for 65+ or high risk; Pneumo-coccal vaccination once for 65 years old or older or high-risk under 65 year olds

1058599

Age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, outside insurance, healthcare eligibility, geographic region, primary care provider provider, health status (algorithm for Charlson comorbidity score)

Influenza: 21.1 %; Pneumo-coccal: 32.8 %

Fair