Table 2 Association Between Economic Status and Possible Mediators
Boys | Girls | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Low | Low | p | Non-Low | Low | p | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Family characteristics | ||||||||||
Family structure | ||||||||||
Both biological parents | 926 | (96.06) | 38 | (3.94) | 0.219 | 910 | (98.06) | 18 | (1.94) | <0.001 |
Single parent or stepfamily | 193 | (94.15) | 12 | (5.85) | 185 | (90.24) | 20 | (9.76) | ||
Family members’ smoking status (mother, father, or others) | ||||||||||
None | 542 | (95.93) | 23 | (4.07) | 0.736 | 514 | (97.53) | 13 | (2.47) | 0.122 |
Yes (≥1 person) | 577 | (95.53) | 27 | (4.47) | 581 | (95.87) | 25 | (4.13) | ||
Child characteristics | ||||||||||
Breakfast skipping | ||||||||||
No (eat breakfast daily) | 990 | (95.93) | 42 | (4.07) | 0.336 | 944 | (98.03) | 19 | (1.97) | <0.001 |
Yes (skip breakfast ≥ 1 time per week) | 129 | (94.16) | 8 | (5.84) | 151 | (88.82) | 19 | (11.18) | ||
Convenience stores or fast-food outlets | ||||||||||
< 1 time per week | 916 | (95.52) | 43 | (4.48) | 0.455 | 929 | (96.67) | 32 | (3.33) | 0.915 |
≥ 1 time per week | 203 | (96.67) | 7 | (3.33) | 166 | (96.51) | 6 | (3.49) | ||
Club activities at school | ||||||||||
Physical | 819 | (96.35) | 31 | (3.65) | 0.065 | 562 | (97.74) | 13 | (2.26) | 0.092 |
Non-physical | 70 | (90.91) | 7 | (9.09) | 309 | (95.96) | 13 | (4.04) | ||
No participation | 230 | (95.04) | 12 | (4.96) | 224 | (94.92) | 12 | (5.08) | ||
Activities outside of school | ||||||||||
Yes | 378 | (94.97) | 20 | (5.03) | 0.364 | 456 | (97.85) | 10 | (2.15) | 0.059 |
No | 741 | (96.11) | 30 | (3.89) | 639 | (95.80) | 28 | (4.20) | ||
Sleeping patterns | ||||||||||
≥ 6 h 30 min (Q2-Q5) | 915 | (95.81) | 40 | (4.19) | 0.752 | 805 | (97.46) | 21 | (2.54) | 0.013 |
< 6 h 30 min (Q1) | 204 | (95.33) | 10 | (4.67) | 290 | (94.46) | 17 | (5.54) | ||
Self-rated health status | ||||||||||
Good (excellent, good, fair) | 1041 | (96.03) | 43 | (3.97) | 0.061 | 1008 | (97.58) | 25 | (2.42) | <0.001 |
Not good (somewhat poor or poor) | 78 | (91.76) | 7 | (8.24) | 87 | (87.00) | 13 | (13.00) | ||
Smoking status | ||||||||||
No | 1079 | (95.83) | 47 | (4.17) | 0.373 | 1072 | (96.84) | 35 | (3.16) | 0.019 |
Yes | 40 | (93.02) | 3 | (6.98) | 23 | (88.46) | 3 | (11.54) | ||