Table 3 Associations between potential confounders and overweight/obesity in univariate models
Potential confounders | Categories | OR (95% CI) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (vs. male) | Female | 1.16 (83.9, 1.62) | 0.4 |
Age (per year) | - | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.01 |
Birthweight (per 100 g) | - | 1.01 (1.002, 1.009) | 0.001 |
Type of feeding from 0 to 6 months (vs. breast milk) | Formula | 1.92 (0.79, 4.68) | 0.2 |
Breast milk and formula | 1.15 (0.81, 1.63) | 0.4 | |
Number of meals per day (vs. 1–2) | 3 | 1.22 (0.72, 2.10) | 0.06 |
4+ | 1.76 (0.94, 3.30) | ||
Fruit consumption (vs. 4–7 times/week) | 1-3 times/week | 0.54 (0.35, 0.85) | 0.1 |
<1/week | 0.63 (0.40, 0.99) | ||
Sweet drink consumption (vs. never/rarely) | Often | 1.42 (0.997, 2.02) | 0.01 |
Everyday | 1.98 (1.12, 3.51) | ||
Leisure time sport (vs. yes) | No | 0.97 (0.69, 1.35) | 0.8 |
Passive travel to school (vs. walk/cycle) | Motorcycle/taxi/car/public transport | 1.95 (1.28, 2.95) | 0.002 |
School sport (vs. yes) | No | 2.08 (1.24, 3.48) | 0.01 |
Time watching screen (vs. <1 h/day) | 1-2 h/day | 1.16 (0.77, 1.74) | 0.2 |
2+ hour/day | 1.35 (0.87, 2.11) | ||
Time child wakes up (vs. between 6 am and 7 am) | Between 3 am and 5.55 am | 0.82 (0.57, 1.18) | 0.3 |
Daytime sleep (vs. yes) | No | 0.94 (0.66, 1.35) | 0.7 |
Pocket money (vs. yes) | No | 1.02 (0.72, 1.44) | 0.9 |
Maternal age (per year) | - | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.3 |
Maternal BMI (per kg/m2) | - | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.002 |
Maternal education level (vs. university) | High school | 1.09 (0.67, 1.78) | 0.1 |
Secondary school | 0.82 (0.50, 1.36) | ||
None/Primary school | 0.68 (0.37, 1.25) | ||
Maternal alcohol consumption (vs. yes) | No | 1.50 (0.92, 2.43) | 0.1 |
Paternal education level (vs. university) | High school Secondary | 0.78 (0.52, 1.18) | 0.08 |
school | 0.59 (0.36, 0.97) | ||
None/Primary school | 0.75 (0.41, 1.37) |